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- <text id=91TT0283>
- <title>
- Feb. 11, 1991: Where Do They Go From Here?
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- Feb. 11, 1991 Saddam's Weird War
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- BUSINESS, Page 66
- Where Do They Go from Here?
- </hdr><body>
- <p>Before it's over, the recession is likely to put as many as 2
- million people out of work. And benefits are running low.
- </p>
- <p>By Janice Castro--Reported by Gisela Bolte/Washington and
- Deborah Fowler/Houston
- </p>
- <p> -- For her talent in teaching social studies, Cathy Nelson,
- 37, was named Minnesota's Teacher of the Year last October. But
- she is not teaching anyone right now, because she lost her job
- in a budget cutback.
- </p>
- <p> -- After 21 years with Quaker Oats, Mike Krause, 50, was
- running the European operations of the company's Fisher-Price
- toy subsidiary when Quaker decided to sell the business last
- spring. Krause, one of 1,300 employees whose jobs were
- eliminated, has been looking for work ever since.
- </p>
- <p> -- Tommy Darnell, 29, was a skilled sheet-metal cutter at
- General Dynamics until he was laid off last month along with
- 3,500 other Fort Worth workers. Says he: "I guess I might have
- to write off 10 years of experience."
- </p>
- <p> Since last August, more than 800,000 Americans, from
- steelworkers and autoworkers to clerks and bankers, have lost
- their jobs in the most serious burst of unemployment since the
- 1982 recession. During January alone, as business braced
- against the harrowing uncertainties of a recession overlaid
- with war, 232,000 people lost their jobs. The government
- reported last week that January's jobless rate rose to 6.2%,
- up from 6.1% the previous month and 5.3% in June. All told, 7.7
- million Americans were unemployed in January. "The job loss last
- month was immense," says Allen Sinai, chief economist for the
- Boston Co. Economic Advisors. "The findings really blow out of
- the sky any notion of a short and shallow recession."
- </p>
- <p> Among the hardest hit workers have been those in
- manufacturing, where 454,000 jobs have been lost since last
- August, and construction, which has declined by 362,000. In the
- auto industry, 19 of the Big Three's 51 U.S. assembly plants
- are temporarily closed. Altogether, 65,000 auto jobs have
- disappeared. Almost the only part of the economy to escape the
- pain of the recession is the health-care industry. During the
- past year nearly 600,000 health-care jobs have been created,
- bringing total industry employment to 8.4 million.
- </p>
- <p> If there is any good news, it is that the harshest phase of
- the layoffs may be over. Companies have reacted to this
- downturn more swiftly than usual with deep pre-emptive cuts.
- Still, economists expect that as many as 1 million more
- Americans may lose their jobs before the recession's effects
- fade next fall -- and that forecast assumes that the war ends
- within a few months. The Commerce Department reported a seeming
- indicator of strength in the economy last week, announcing that
- orders for durable goods climbed 4.4% during December. But only
- limited segments of the economy benefited, since considerably
- more than half the increase was attributable to orders for
- military goods.
- </p>
- <p> Even if the recession is relatively brief, many workers will
- be hard pressed to find jobs anytime soon. Well before the U.S.
- slipped into recession last fall, business was downshifting in
- the wake of the Reagan expansion. Corporations were eliminating
- slices of middle management and the layers of clerical and
- professional staff supporting them. Says Roland Stichweh, a
- senior partner at the Towers, Perrin, Forster & Crosby
- benefits-consulting firm: "Organizations under stress are
- finding that they must abandon their traditional sense of
- loyalty to these employees."
- </p>
- <p> At the same time, companies have been replacing many of the
- stars who led them during the boom years with more conservative
- managers. Says Paul Ray Jr., an executive recruiter: "Instead
- of doing deals, now the emphasis is on cost control." On Wall
- Street during the past two years, more than 60,000 jobs have
- been lost as merger mania ended and the bull market stalled.
- Largely as a result, big accounting and law firms that served
- the merger makers have slashed their partnership rolls. Last
- month the accounting firm Peat Marwick abruptly dismissed 300
- of its 1,875 partners, protecting profits by chopping highly
- compensated senior talent.
- </p>
- <p> While losing a job is always a wrenching experience, most
- senior managers can count on reasonable severance as well as
- personal savings to cushion the blow. But for legions of
- workers whose prospects of finding a place in a shrinking job
- market are bleak, the money is fast running out. More than 2.2
- million people used up all six months' worth of unemployment
- benefits last year, a 16% increase from a year earlier. Worse
- still, a study released in December by Mathematica Policy
- Research, a consulting firm, found that 60% of unemployed
- workers were in the desperate position of still being jobless
- 10 weeks after their benefits expired.
- </p>
- <p> In several past recessions, Congress and the states
- responded to widespread joblessness by allocating extra money
- to unemployment trusts so they could extend worker benefits for
- a few additional months. But during the past few years the
- Federal Government and the states have tightened eligibility
- for such benefits. Only Alaska and Rhode Island are currently
- expanding the assistance. And with everything from the gulf war
- to the savings and loan bailout competing for scarce federal
- funds, Congress is not eager to press such a move. For the
- moment, once they exhaust the standard benefits period, the
- jobless are on their own.
- </p>
- <p>
- OUT OF A JOB
- </p>
- <table>
- <tblhdr><cell>Industry (nongovernment)<cell>Total employment (Aug '90)<cell>Net number of jobs lost (Aug-Jan '91)
- <row><cell type=a>TOTAL U.S.<cell type=i>92,320,000*<cell type=i>793,000*
- <row><cell>Construction<cell>5,194,000<cell>362,000
- <row><cell>Manufacturing<cell>19,084,000<cell>454,000
- <row><cell>Autos<cell>814,000<cell>65,000
- <row><cell>Electronics<cell>1,689,000<cell>47,000
- <row><cell>Real estate<cell>1,352,000<cell>13,000
- <row><cell>Retailing<cell>19,846,000<cell>78,000
- </table>
- <p>* Seasonally adjusted.
- </p>
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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